The First Stage Of Jean Piaget s Cognitive Development

The first stage of Jean Piaget’s Cognitive development is the Sensorimotor Period. This stage is the earliest of cognitive growth. The Sensorimotor stage happen within the first two years of a child’s life. During this stage children are only aware of what is in front of them. They primarily focus what is in their possession at the moment, what they can get into, and their physical environment. When I was a child I went throw the process of the sensorimotor stage. My mom said when I was four months year old I began to suck on things, and I began to touch certain objects that were in my possession. At the age of eight moths I began to start playing with my toys such as rattles, and or other toys that would shake or make noise. At ten months I began to crawl and hold myself of by holding on to the couch. My said I would always knock her pictures, dig in the cabinets, and I would always try to put things in the toilet. At twelve months I began to develop and early milestone of language. The first word I said was â€Å"dada† and after that I began to say a host of others words. I also took my first step at twelve months and I never took another until I reached sixteen months. My mom said i was very timid and afraid to walk. When I reached sixteen I gain confidence and I began to walk on my own At twenty- four months I was talking clearly and I began to learn my alphabet s. The second stage of cognitive development is the Preoperational Stage. During this stage children start toShow MoreRelatedVygotsky And Vygotsky : Early Childhood Development1683 Words   |  7 Pages Amanda Rezzonico Piaget vs Vygotsky Early Childhood Development Lev Vygotsky and Jean Piaget are known in the educational world. Vygotsky and Piaget were developmental psychologists who had many of the same views and beliefs, but at the same time had opposing views. According to Jean Piaget â€Å"cognitive development was a repetitive reorganization of mental processes that derived from biological maturation in addition to environmental experiences’’ (McLeod, S. A. (2015). The childRead MoreJean Piaget s Theories Of Cognitive Development1360 Words   |  6 Pages Jean Piaget was a Swiss psychologist. He worked in the fields of Developmental Psychology and Epistemology. He’s known for his works and theories in the field of child development. His theories of cognitive development and epistemological views are called, â€Å"genetic epistemology†. Piaget placed the education of children as most important. His works and theories still play a huge role and influence the study of child psychology today. Jean Piaget was born on August 9, 1896 in Neuchatel, SwitzerlandRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory Of Knowing921 Words   |  4 PagesJean Piaget was a developmental psychologist and philosopher from Switzerland. He is known for his epistemological studies with children. He was the first to make a systematic study of cognitive development. Piaget was also the Director of the International Bureau of Education. He was â€Å"the great pioneer of the constructivist theory of knowing.† He was known as the second best psychologist after Skinner by the end of the 20th century. Throughout his career, Jean Piaget declared that â€Å"only educationRead MoreJean Piaget s Cognitive Theory Essay1750 Words   |  7 Pages Jean Piaget is a well-renowned twentieth century scholar responsible for the development of the Cognitive Theory, focusing on how people think over time, which, in turn, reflects in how how attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors are shaped. Jean Piaget observed and divided the Cognitive Theory into four periods of cognitive development, which occur in the following order: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. Of the four stages, each has it’s own characteristicsRead MorePiaget s Theory On Stages Of Developmental Psychology1039 Words   |  5 Pages101 9 December, 2015 Piaget Today â€Å"Child development does not mean developing your child into the person you think they should be, but helping them develop into the best person they are meant to be.† ― Toni Sorenson Jean Piaget was a leader in the field of developmental psychology, the study of how people grow. Instead of continuing the Freud s work with psychoanalysis, as many psychologists and philosophers did at the time, Piaget stayed â€Å"closer to his teacher Pierre Janet s psychology† (Vidal)Read MoreInfluential Theorist And Child Development : Who Are Capable Of Inventing New Things? Essay1214 Words   |  5 PagesChevannes 1 Mrs. Slinger HPC 3OR September 17th, 2016 Influential Theorists In Child Development: Intellect, Jean Piaget (1896-1980) The goal of education is not to increase the amount of knowledge, but to create the possibilities for a child to invent and discover, to create men who are capable of inventing new things. Jean Piaget is an influential theorist in child intellect development. Piaget insights society on the importance of not learning, but thinking, his thoughts/studies giveRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory And Theory1673 Words   |  7 Pagestheory is an organized set of ideas that is designed to explain development. These are essential for developing predictions about behaviors and predictions result in research that helps to support or clarify the theory. The theorist I am choosing to talk about is Jean Piaget who discovered the cognitive development theory and who broke it down into different stages. The different stages are the sensorimotor stage, the preoperational stage, the concrete operational thought, and the formal operationalRead MoreVygotsky And Vygotsky Theories Of Learning1257 W ords   |  6 PagesTheories of learning In this essay, I will compare and contrast jean Piaget and lev Vygotsky theories of learning. First, I will discuss Piaget followed by Vygotsky then I will compare and contrast both theorists. Jean Piaget was a Swiss developmental psychologist and philosopher, he is known for his contribution to a theory of cognitive development. Piaget became interested in the reasons why children gave the wrong answers to questions that required logical thinking. He believed that these incorrectRead Morejean piaget1284 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Jean Piaget Jean Piaget (1896 - 1980) was employed at the Binet Institute in the 1920s, where his job was to develop French versions of questions on English intelligence tests. He became intrigued with the reasons children gave for their wrong answers on the questions that required logical thinking. He believed that these incorrect answers revealed important differences between the thinking of adults and children. Piaget (1936) was the first psychologist to make a systematic study of cognitiveRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory Of Cognitive And Affective Development1693 Words   |  7 PagesRunning Head: The Methodology and Cognitive Theory of Jean Piaget The Methodology and Cognitive Theory of Jean Piaget Timothy Carlton Southwest Tennessee Community College A Paper Presented In Partial Fulfillment Of The Requirements For Life Span Psychology 2130-L01 July 31, 2014 â€Æ' â€Æ' Abstract Jean Piaget’s theory of Cognitive and Affective Development is a result of an interdisciplinary approach to understanding mental processes and the behaviors presented by those processes. Piaget’s theory

Mongodb The Most Prominent Nosql Database Framework

INTRODUCTION MongoDB is one of numerous cross-stage archive situated databases. Named a NoSQL database, MongoDB shuns the customary table-based social database structure for JSON-like archives with element constructions (MongoDB calls the organization BSON), making the combination of information in specific sorts of utilizations less demanding and quicker. Discharged under a mix of the GNU Affero General Public License and the Apache License, MongoDB is free and open-source programming. Initially grew by the product organization 10gen in October 2007 as a part of an arranged stage as an administration item, the organization moved to an open source improvement show in 2009, with 10gen offering business backing and different administrations. From that point forward, MongoDB has been received as backend programming by various real sites and administrations, including Craigslist, eBay, Foursquare, Source Forge, Viacom, and the New York Times among others. MongoDB is the most prominent NoSQL database framework. DESCRIPTION: MongoDB was first developed by the software company 10gen now called as MongoDB Inc. in October 2007 as a component of a planned platform as a service product, the company shifted to an open source development model in 2009, with 10gen offering commercial support and other services. Since then, MongoDB has been adopted as backend software by a number of major websites and services, including Craigslist, eBay, Foursquare, Source Forge, and The New York Times,Show MoreRelatedNosql Essay1140 Words   |  5 PagesThe relevance of NoSQL in the future SQL has dominated databases for a considerable length of time. The shared database show began to ascend in the 1970s and promptly grabbed balance. Its usage been in existence for forty years and sometime later, SQL is so far, the most used sort of database. As shown by db-engines.com, the four of the leading five most prominent databases are social; the main NoSQL database to get through the best five is MongoDB, which has overwhelmed PostgreSQLs fourth-place

Acc/ 544 Internal Accountant Brief Free Essays

Internal Accountant Brief Candace Schneider ACC/544 April 15, 2013 Christine Errico Internal Accountant Brief When a business is experiencing an out-of-control accounting system the business might consider hiring an internal accountant to help alleviate the problem. Before a company decides to hire this type of accountant the company should look at the array of services this kind of accountant can provide to the company. Services of Internal Accountants An internal accountant can provide array of services to a business. We will write a custom essay sample on Acc/ 544 Internal Accountant Brief or any similar topic only for you Order Now One service an internal accountant can provide to a company is performing an internal audit on the business. Some of the audits an internal accountant can perform are compliance audits, operational audits, or financial statement audits. Compliance Audit If a company hires an internal accountant for a compliance audit the accountant determines if the company’s internal controls and accounting is in compliance with company policies as well as laws and regulation. If the accountant finds that internal controls or the accounting information is not in compliance the accountant must determine the cause of the non-compliance as well as recommend ways the company can prevent future deviations (Cytraus, 2013, para. ). Operational Audit If a company hires an internal accountant for an operational audit the accountant â€Å"measures the effectiveness and results of certain business procedures† within the business (Farlex, 2013, para. 1). This type of audit is unlike the compliance audit because this type of audit challenges assumptions and goals of procedures by moving toward improving e fficiency within the business (Farlex, 2013, para. 1). Financial Statement Audit If a company hires an internal accountant for a financial statement audit the ccountant determines if the preparation and reporting of financial statements by the company follows General Accepted Accounting Principles. Other Services Other services an internal accountant can provide to a business are examining a company’s operations, investigating fraud, examining financial reporting, safeguarding assets, checking for mismanagement of funds, and examining compliance of the laws and regulations set for the company. The employment of internal auditors helps to improve a company’s internal controls. Effective working internal controls detect and prevent fraud, which internal auditors test to see if the controls are functioning appropriately. If the company still decides to hire an internal accountant, the company will benefit from this decision in many ways. Benefits of Hiring an Internal Accountant Many benefits exist for a company when the company hires an internal accountant. Some of these benefits include saving money over time, protecting assets, improving performance, and ensuring accuracy of financial statements. Saving Money An internal accountant can help a business save money over time. This is because the service an internal accountant provides saves the business from potential legal or financial issues. This leads a business to save â€Å"more money over time than it costs to employ the accountant† (Good Accountants, 2012, para. 2). Protection of Assets Every year businesses lose billions of dollars because of employee theft. An internal accountant can help alleviate this problem by installing a system of internal controls into the business. The accountant can also monitor the system to ensure no opportunities exist in the system â€Å"that might tempt an employee to steal from the company† (Good Accountants, 2012, para. ). Along with installing and monitoring the system an internal accountant can perform random checks on the system to ensure that the internal controls are functioning appropriately. Improving Performance An internal accountant can improve a company’s performance by increasing the company’s value when the accountant crit ically analyzes the company’s efficiency. An accountant does this by performing an operational audit of the company. This type of audit can help determine whether the company markets its products and services effectively at competitive rates as well as if the company is meeting its short and long-term financial goals. Ensuring Accuracy of Financial Statements Auditing financial statements by a Certified Public Accountant (CPA) can offer value to a company. These audits puts a company’s investors at ease in knowing the company’s books are accurate as well as the information in the financial statements are accurate. These audits can lead lenders to view one’s company as more reputable, which can lead to lower interest rates for the company when borrowing (Good Accountants, 2012, para. 5). After a company determines the need for an internal accountant the company must find the right internal accountant for the job. Recommendation One recommends hiring an individual who is a CPA with several years of experience in this field of accounting. This is because the individual will need to have the experience to correct the company’s out-of-control system as well as provide additional services the company may need. These services will help the company make informed decisions for the company to exceed and be profitable. One individual in mind to solve the problem of one’s out-of-control system is John Tongren. This is because Tongren has experience in this field of accounting and auditing. Tongren â€Å"specializes in management control process and the impact of technology on their effectiveness† (Tongren, n. d. , para. 1). He also has â€Å"international recognition for his expertise in the audit and control aspects of information systems† (Tongren, n. d. , para. 1). By one hiring this individual one will know that this individual will solve the problem right as well as inform the company on how to keep the business functioning effectively and efficiently for the company to exceed and be profitable. References Cytraus, A. (2013). Compliance Auditing. Retrieved from http://www. referencefor business. com/encyclopedia/Clo-Con/Compliance-Auditing. html Farlex. (2013). Operational Audit. Retrieved from http://financial-dictionary. thefreedictionary. com/operational+audit Good Accountants. (2012). Benefits of Hiring an Accountant for Internal Audits. Retrieved from http://www. goodaccountants. com/blog/2012/11/benefits-of-hiring-an accountant-for-internal-audits/ Tongren, J. D. (n. d. ). Operational Auditing: Adding Value to Organizations Digital Seminar. Mission Viejo, CA: Pleier Corporation. How to cite Acc/ 544 Internal Accountant Brief, Papers

Untitled Essay Research Paper The Rebellion Against free essay sample

Untitled Essay, Research Paper The Rebellion Against Victorianism The 1890 # 8217 ; s was in clip for transmutation for the English society. After Queen Victoria died the bosom of the Victorian civilization seemed to melt. England was get downing to see economic competition from other provinces and a gradual diminution from its former pinnacle of power. Politically, the Parliament experienced some cardinal power displacements after the bend of the century. This essay will turn to the clime of alteration in the English civilization and its looks. The alterations occurred in two separate and distinguishable clip periods. These clip periods are the bend of the century from 1890 # 8217 ; s to World War II. The 2nd period is WWII to 1970 # 8217 ; s. The new century brought about an terminal to the old and airless Victorian life styles. The societal stigmas of adult females and their behaviour was challenged and alteration by the rise of feminism in 1910. Womans began to protest against the system for adult females # 8217 ; s right to vote. One case these # 8220 ; violent adult females # 8221 ; ran around in the metropolis nailing shop Windowss to acquire ill fame for their cause. Books such as the Odd Women, featured a fictional representation of # 8220 ; professional adult females # 8221 ; . They were classified in two classs, both an onslaught on the societal establishment of matrimony. The first of these new adult females were out merely for merriment. The second was the construct of an nonsexual being who did non necessitate a adult male. These adult females owned their ain flats and had assorted occupations normally secretarial in nature.. The book expressed an uncomfortable period of transmutation. Working adult females were non wholly accepted by English society at this clip. The book portrayed different lives and how they coped with their situations.1 The male character was besides in a province of alteration. This alteration brought about the term # 8220 ; new work forces # 8221 ; . These new work force s were classified by a # 8220 ; sexual lawlessness # 8221 ; . This motion was preponderantly a in-between category, broad look. Many were immature male craftsmans who were homosexual. The word homosexualism was created by an amendment to criminal jurisprudence which had declared all Acts of the Apostless of buggery as illegal. Previous to this amendment the act of homosexualism was punishable by hanging. Doctors and scientist had seen homosexualism as a disease, therefore the demand developed for a # 8220 ; remedy # 8221 ; . Sexuality became all inclusive. There was a big aesthetic motion which was besides built-in in this # 8220 ; new # 8221 ; civilization. This motion classified art as being done for art # 8217 ; s interest. Art was now being viewed as separate from society. This meant that art could be a personal look instead than a group think undertaking. These properties coined the term the # 8220 ; Decadent Movement # 8221 ; . The England was sing enormous growing in its economic system and political alteration during this clip. However, this growing was besides shared by to other rival states, Germany and the U nited States. England had a fear of the massive economic strength of the United States. England, at the turn of the century, was no longer the international hegemon it was a decade previous. This caused the English look introspectly at itself. The political change occurred inside of the Parliament. The conservative House of Lords began vetoing new liberal budget proposals. Both the Prime Minister and the House of Commons were liberal in their political affiliation. The vetoing created a deadlock in the government. The Prime Minister and the House of Commons proposed a referendum which would nullify the House of Lords power of veto over the budgetary matters. This was presented to the House of Lords with an ultimatum. If the referendum was not passed the House of Lords would be flooded with liberal Middle class citizens. The referendum was then passed and the deadlock broken. This shift of power was crucial in the infrastructure of the political system of England. World War I left a tremendous impression of reality on the English. Their confidence was compromised due to the ineffectiveness in combat and their dependence of United States aid for victory. This is the true end of all of the glory held by the British Empire. The English were left with a tremendous national debt totalling at $7 billion dollars. England would never be a hegemon in the international community again. World War II brought a feeling of unity back to England. â€Å"The Battle for Britain† with the inspirational radio speeches of Winston Churchill inspired national pride to the British. The period of decline enhanced by WW I, a large debt and the Great Depression had traumatic effects on the English psyche. The civilian bombing planned by Hitler tried to enhance this feeling of despair. However, it accomplish the exact opposite. The children of England were sent to the country side. These children were predominantly working class children. When the upper class saw the state that th ese children where in the showed pity and concern. Other factors which brought the populace together was a consolidation of national opinion, full employment and the previous mentioned speeches of Churchill. Thus, it can be seen that the period of 1890’s to the end of World War II marked the end of Victorianism. This end was achieved by both internal and external factors. Internal institutions of Victorianism in cultural and social structures were slowly eroded by sexual identity. The concept of â€Å"The New Woman and New Men† challenged traditional values inherent to the Victorian class Structures and morality. The event of the two wars brought the external reality of Britain’s role in the international community home. Both English dominance and hegemonic imperialism were curbed and set into perspective during this time period.

E.A. Poe/Personal Life Essays - Poetry By Edgar Allan Poe

E.A. Poe/Personal Life Poetry ?Poetry is a form of imaginative literary expression that makes it's effect by the sound and imagery of it's language (?Poetry?).? Many poets base their writings on their personal experiences throughout life. Some poets write of their memories or hopes, or even dreams. Edgar Allan Poe was one of the greatest American writers of all time. He was known as a poet and critic. Poe is one of many authors who's life has been reflected throughout his poems and other writings. E. A. Poe was born in Boston in 1809. He was orphaned in early childhood. He was raised by a businessman in England from the age of six. He returned to the U.S. after many years, remaining in private schools. In America, Poe dug himself into a life of alcohol and gambling. His foster father, John Allan, was displeased with this and forced him to work as a clerk. Poe hated his job as a clerk, quit the job, and went back to Boston. This upset John Allan extremely. In Boston, Poe published his first book, Tamerland and Other Poems. He soon enlisted, and served two years in the United States Army. Afterwards Poe published a second volume to his book, naming it Al Aaraaf. He began reconciling with Allan, who got him an appointment to the U.S. Military Academy. Poe was accepted but was dismissed for neglect of duty after only a short time. Allan then disowned Poe, permanently. A couple of years later Poe's third book, Poems, was published. He moved again, now to Baltimore, where he lived with his aunt and her eleven year-old daughter, Virginia Clemm. The next year he released another book, A MS. Found in a Bottle, with this he won a writing contest. Poetry Poe became an editor shortly after the contest, he worked for Southern Literary Messenger. During these two years at the company he married his younger cousin, Virginia. Viriginia became ill, and Poe moved from job to job. After eleven years of marriage, Virginia died and Poe himself became ill. He had a dangerous addiction to liquor and drugs. These addictions are claimed to be the reason for Poe's early death in 1849 (Davidson). One of Poe's greatest poems, published only a few years before his death, was ?The Raven.? The poem starts off with a man falling asleep, when a tapping starts at his door. He lets it go, figuring it to be a visitor, not sure if he heard it in the first place. He begins thinking of the woman he has lost for evermore, Lenore. Finally, he opens the door, for the tapping comes again only louder, but there is no one there. He whispers into the darkness - Lenore? No answer. The tapping starts again as he crawls into bed, this time the tapping is at the window. He goes to it....there stands a raven. He tries to speak to it, and the Raven responds ?Nevermore.? He begins thinking about Lenore. As he does, the raven seems to answer his thoughts with one word.... ?Nevermore? The bird ends up staying even though the man pleads with him to depart. he then realized his soul, just as the shadow on the floor, cast by the raven, shall be lifted - Nevermore! The bird seemed to torture him to the soul. This was what he needed to bring him to realize he will never be happy again, for he will mourn over Lenore forever. While reading The Raven,' I had the conception of a raven - the bird of ill omen - monotonously repeating the one word ?Nevermore,? at the conclusion of each stanza, in a poem of Poetry melancholy tone, and in length about one hundred lines,? says Young, editor of Poetry Criticism. Many essays have been written on the meaning of Poe's poetry. In one instance it was written ?here we might briefly mention that ?The Raven' was more an attempt to outline Poe's view of what poetry should be and should do than it was forth right demonstration of how ?The Raven? came to be? (Kesterson 115). Only Poe himself really knows what his poem meant. In Kestersons conclusion h e states ?Thus we can see the split in Poe's imaginative world: there were elements of reality, and there were faculties of the mind or imagination (Kesterson).? Poe's symbols are such mediations such as the dramatic bird and it's voice. Kestersons goes on to say The Raven' is a virtual admission of universal disparity: the imagination is

Typical Flame Temperature for Different Fuels

Typical Flame Temperature for Different Fuels This is a list of flame temperatures for various common fuels. Adiabatic flame temperatures for common gases are provided for air and oxygen. For these values, the initial temperature of air, gas, and oxygen are 20 Â °C. MAPP is a mixture of gases, chiefly methyl acetylene, and propadiene with other hydrocarbons. Youll get the most bang for your buck, relatively speaking, from acetylene in oxygen (3100Â °C) and either acetylene (2400Â °C), hydrogen (2045Â °C), or propane (1980Â °C) in the air. Flame Temperatures This table lists flame temperature alphabetically according to the name of the fuel. Celsius and Fahrenheit values are cited, as available. Fuel Flame Temperature acetylene 3,100 C (oxygen), 2,400 C (air) blowtorch 1,300 C (2,400 F, air) Bunsen burner 1,300-1,600 C (2,400-2,900 F, air) butane 1,970 C (air) candle 1,000 C (1,800 F, air) carbon monoxide 2,121 C (air) cigarette 400-700 C (750-1,300 F, air) ethane 1,960 C (air) hydrogen 2,660 C (oxygen), 2,045 C (air) MAPP 2,980 C (oxygen) methane 2,810 C (oxygen), 1,957 C (air) natural gas 2,770 C (oxygen) oxyhydrogen 2,000 C or more (3,600 F, air) propane 2,820 C (oxygen), 1,980 C (air) propane butane mix 1,970 C (air) propylene 2870 C (oxygen)

Externalities of Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Externalities of Education - Essay Example Public Education and Decreasing Unemployment Levels: Rising levels of public education decrease unemployment levels so public education proves to be a positive externality. In developed countries where higher education is being more public, the level of unemployment further decreases. Moreover, in countries where technical education becomes more public this rate goes further down. When professional and skilled learning becomes public, it also increases the labor mobility rate and labor starts moving towards better occupation from traditional to more professional. Public Education Raises Living Standards: Public education is a positive externality as it raises the living standards of people. With the increase in technical and skillful education at public level, people start getting awareness about modern technology and pave their ways towards better living. Public education offers more chances towards advancement and development especially for common man. Comparatively, it is cheap than private education so more people have opportunity to achieve the benefits. Public education is readily available which also makes common man to reap the full benefits from this system of education. Public Education and the Level of Awareness among People: As already mentioned, public education can be readily available so with the help of this education system more and more people can get awareness about common issues regarding health and fitness, balanced diet, pollution etc. So, again we can easily say that public education is a positive externality because of its social benefits. When we analyze the existence of public K-12 school systems versus Private K-12 Schooling system, we can examine various points pro and against the existence of these two. It is important to understand that both the systems have their own advantages as well as drawbacks. Most of the

About fear Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

About fear - Essay Example Dr. Ivan Kos presents a number of diverse stages of fear. The first is real fear that is based on life experiences and states. If something or someone causes hurt to an individual, there is a reason to fear similar scenarios. The basis of this kind of fear is entirely dependent on past familiarity with emotions that cause tension and mixed interpretations with respect to an individual’s understanding of fear. The second articulates a sense of realistic fear. This focuses on the realities that grounds and drives people to steer clear of risks. The last is the poignant and the larger-than-life fear that heavily reflect on an individual recollecting past occurrences whilst injecting those events into the current state of affairs. Also, this group is particularly applicable to arguments. It generally affects the line of attack of people in dealing with varying positions (Willa 138). Often, conflict is the equivalence of unfulfilled needs and this highlights fears linked to the nec essities. The most prevalent fear in intractable inconsistency is the fear of loss in regard to one’s security or identity. Social groups and individuals recognize themselves in varied ways in the context of language, culture, religion, and race and this renders them opinionated.

Interplay of Bilbo's Tookish and Baggins sides in J.R.R Tolkein's 'The Essay

Interplay of Bilbo's Tookish and Baggins sides in J.R.R Tolkein's 'The Hobbit' - Essay Example Bilbo Baggins, the protagonist, is a timid hobbit who although a good man from inside is prone to living the life that he has always led. He doesn’t leave his home even though he has a ‘Tookish’ adventurous enigma in his blood from his mother’s side. It seems as though the Baggins side (His father’s), overwhelms his personality more than anything else. At the beginning, he is seen to be kind and serene, living in the nobility of his name in his home town and drinking tea like the old English. However, after he is set on the adventure at the persistence of Gandalf the Wizard, probably the friend he admires the most, that he lets other aspects intercept his usually peace and quiet loving nature. At the end though after the battle and when he sees the familiarity of home, he feels at peace again and does not want to go away from it for a long time. He lives in the stories and even though the days seem long to him because he has, after all, made the most exciting journey that settling would be hard after that. Still, it is very clear that he has embraced his Tookish side and is very confident about himself. The conflicts that he was facing early on and during the middle of his journey is nonexistent the heroism he had portrayed at circumstances forth facilitates the better understanding and self-reliance he has now. He does not possess a dual personality; he just had not experienced the many talents and hidden courage he had. They were explored only because Gandalf had faith in his little friend. The transformation he faced from start to end is just learning and molding of character because he still is the same Bilbo Baggins.

The History of the Welfare State

The History of the Welfare State In 1942 William Beveridge published his report on Social Insurance and Allied Services. The report instantly became a best seller of all time. The report was based on eliminating poverty and it has subsequently come to be considered as the blueprint of the welfare state. The Beveridge Report was identified as the core of wartime social transformation. It became very significant at a time when unemployment was at an ultimate high, the report was seen by many people the light at the end of the tunnel of war, and as a promise of social justice for the post war world. (Gladstone, 1999. p39) Beveridge was asked to write a detailed report on how to improve the existing national schemes of social insurance and allied services. The report was built on defeating Want. But Want was only one of the five giants on the road to reconstruction. The others were Disease, Ignorance, Squalor and Idleness. His recommendations of the system on social insurance were to rectify the poor conditions of post- war Britain and it was an attack solely upon Want which would remove poverty. This essay will look at what are the main features of The Beveridge Report and why they were significant. It will also examine whether the report realistically attempted to tackle all the so-called five giants which is mentioned in the report. The main feature of the report was based on a scheme of social insurance- that is, a system of insurance in which risks are pooled within the community, so that individuals are able to pay flat-rate contributions sand receive flat-rate benefits regardless of the extent to which they are liable to be in need of those benefits. (Hill, 1990, p28) The plan for social security was to eradicate want but in order for this to be achieved there must be co-operation between the state and the individual. Bevereidge said that the state should offer security for service and contribution; by this the state should consider the need for a national minimum, which should provide individuals with the minimum for himself and his family to live on. However, he stated that this minimum should be given as of right and not means tested, so that individuals can build upon it freely. (Timmins, 2001, p23) Taking social insurance as the base of the report, Beveridge boldly made three assumptions which were to m ake it work; a universal scheme of family allowances, a comprehensive national health service, which was financed by taxation and the maintenance of employment. The first two assumptions were part of the insurance scheme of social security, and was the most expensive prerequisites. The third assumption worked two ways; it maximized the number of contributors and minimized the number of people claiming benefits. Beveridges main investigation into social security was to reform all social services and provide a minimum of subsistence and care for the whole population. He believed that to eradicate poverty a reform of national insurance was vital and this can be achieved by provision of benefits and services. His proposal for social insurance and minimum subsistence was supplemented by private and voluntary means. (Thane, 1996, p232) The universal scheme was split into six groups and it was designed to cover people in actual or potential need. He defined these groups as: employees, self-employed, housewifes, those below and above working age, the sick and disable and others of working age fit to work. (Lowe, 2005, p141) Housewives were particularly a difficult group to cover, and this will be discussed further later. The people who fall into these groups should receive the following benefits: unemployment and sickness benefits, disability benefit which also covered injuries at work, maternity g rants and widow benefits, funeral benefits, family allowances and retirement pensions. However, even though this system of social insurance (which was later changed to national insurance) was there to provide subsistence-levels of adequate benefits, Beveridge knew there might be other circumstances where it would not be enough, and he therefore recommended another system of social assistance.(which was also later changed to national assistance) This scheme would work through means test to provide for people whose needs were not met by national insurance. People who qualify for national assistance, for example are disabled people, deserted or separated wives and men who refused to take on work when it is offered to them. The need for assistance could arise for reasons of sickness which meant they were not able to work and get into the labour market. This could be because a person has abnormal needs of diet or care. Along with Beveridges proposal for national insurance and national assistance, he also proposed family allowances. This proposal came from a post-war issue of child poverty and low wages being paid to people who have large families. He said that family allowances were an essential part of an adequate social security system. The idea of family allowances had already been proposed by other economists such as Keynes. Beveridge insisted on family allowances to be non-contributory and financed through general taxation, for it would be too much for people who have large families and low wages to make contributions. This would cause a great burden on employment. He proposed that 8s should be paid to every dependent child except the first. However, the government was reluctant to pay 8s because it exceeded the limit given by the Treasury, so in 1945 the Family Allowances was introduced at a rate of 5s. Beveridges second major assumption was comprehensive health and rehabilitation service which was to cure disease and help workers get back to work when they are sick, and make them available for work when it is offered. This would also prevent the reasons for unemployment and poverty. This service is to be available for all members of the community and free at the point of consumption. This service was not based on national insurance contributions but funded by taxation. There had already been deliberation before the Beveridge Report was published on making a comprehensive, free medical service, but the Beveridge Report got the government engaged into this more and in 1946 the National Health Service (NHS) was introduced. Before the NHS was introduced, medical services in Britain were not fulfilling the needs of people and the service was very poor. One of Beveridges five giants was Disease and the road to reconstruction was to tackle this post-war crisis, and by making the proposal of introducing the NHS which is free for everyone was an attempt to tackle Disease. His third assumption was maintenance of full employment. Beveridge said that unemployment is a crucial problem which needs to be solved and without change, social improvement was impossible. (Thane, 1996, p239) In his Report he defined the need to avoid mass unemployment by keeping the rate of unemployment at an average of no more than 8 and a half per cent. However, by the end of the Second World War and the mid 1970s the unemployment rate was accomplished and what in fact happened was that the unemployment rate fell below 8 and a half per cent that Beveridge had suggested. (Hill, 1990, p30) In the report he based his assumption that full time employment will be achieved, which in theory would tackle idleness. As mentioned before the report on Social Insurance and Allied Services was particularly aimed at proposing a set of recommendations for setting up a system of social insurance, which will be mainly an attack on the giant Want. However, the other giants were also briefly mentioned in the report, but not to a great extent. After World War Two people had no houses to come back to, and the education system was failing terribly, there was an increase in poverty, unemployment and no adequate health care was available. To fight the five giants he gave a vital kick to start the programmes that he thought could give freedom not only from want, but the others too. The report in practice does not mention education to a great deal or detail apart from his trumpet call for the attack on Ignorance. Nor does he talk about Squalor in detail, which involves providing houses. This is due to the fact that Beveridge struggled over how to handle rents within the social security. (Timmins, 2001, p24) He p roposed a comprehensive national health service which was to tackle Disease, but that is debatable as a free medical care would not only prevent disease but it would reduce poverty which will attack Want, so this linked into his main idea of his report. However, the creation of the NHS would cause problems on economic grounds as it was very expensive to run a free medical service at the point of use. Beveridges attack on Idleness was to provide high levels of full time employment. This attack on the five giants is linked with Want, as not having a job creates poverty, which then means people have to depend upon benefits, and to make the social security system work there needs to be more people in employment and less people claiming benefits. This is why Beveridge described the course of arguing a full employment was a prerequisite of an adequate system of social security. (Brown, 1995, p84) Looking at the five giants that Beveridge said must be attacked in order to change post-war B ritain; he did not mention the other five giants in too much detail as he did with defeating Want. He therefore did not realistically attempt to tackle all the five giants, and lets be honest even Beveridge could not stretch his terms of reference that far. It was hard enough trying to implement his main proposals of social insurance, so if he aimed his report on defeating all the giants then nothing probably would have come of it and it would not have been as successful as it was. We have established that the main features of the Beveridge Report which are a set of recommendations for the setting up of a system of social insurance. The crucial elements of Beveridges proposals were that everyone was included; they were covered from the cradle to grave and benefits would be at a level which enabled a family to live without recourse to other means. The six fundamental principles of the report were: flat rate of subsistence benefits; flat rate of contribution; unification of administrative responsibility; adequacy of benefit; comprehensive; and classification. Based on them, and the proposal of national assistance which operated through means test, the aim the report was to eliminate Want under any circumstances. The Beveridge Report was a successful seller and the main features of the report became significant, as it gave hope to the people of Britain who were suffering from poverty and unemployment at extreme highs. Beveridges proposal of national insurance and national assistance, was adopted almost at its entirety. In 1945 Family Allowance Act was legislated, subsequently in 1946 the National Insurance Act was introduced, shortly following the National Assistant Act in 1948. These legislations were significant in what Beveridge had recommended as the main features of his report. He understood that if his recommendations had been enacted then Britain would have an ideal social security system which will provide adequate relief to the people in need and improve unemployment. However, there are many criticisms of The Beveridge Report and why many of his proposals were later abandoned and changed from what he initially proposed. One of the problems of Beveridges proposals was with women, in particularly married women. Beveridge recommended that all married women should be eligible for a wide range of benefits by the virtue of their husbands contributions. (Lowe, 2005, p141) Most married women were not in paid work at that time, but women who worked could opt to pay lower contributions and in return they will qualify for the full range of benefits, though below the standard rate. The feminists were his major critics, as Beveridges explicit assumption of married women should enter into partnership with their husband and remain economically dependent upon them goes against what the feminists stand for. It also does not fit the present day situation, in which nearly half of all married women are in paid work. (Hill, 1990, p33) However, the main underprivileged groups are the non-working single women and even after efforts being made to meet their needs, nothing came of it. He also did not find a satisfactory sol ution for separated, divorced and widowed women within an insurance scheme. Women were generally not equally represented or rewarded in the labour market and they did not choose to not participate, but they were excluded from any competition with men. So when Beveridge recommended a housewives charter which would allow provide grants upon marriage, free domestic help when ill and a separation allowance, it gave hope to the women. However, this was overlooked by critics, as his proposal was dismissed by the government and became a weakness of his Report. This flaw in the implementation of the report has questioned Beveridges aim to change social provision for housewives as it regarded women as dependants of their husbands and not treated equally to men. Beveridges proposals were very significant in what he had promised would happen if they were implemented by the government, which is relieving poverty. But there were many compromises which had to be made in order to adopt his proposals. Many of Beveridges proposals had been rejected by the Treasury on the grounds that it was excessively expensive; this was a flaw both politically and in practical terms. Due to this there was a very lengthy perusal for his recommendations. Beveridge was not liked by Churchhill very much as he also believed that Beveridges recommendations was far too expensive; it would create doubtful prospects for the post-war economy and form hopes for the people of the country which the post-war government could not satisfy. (Thane, 1996, p235) His susten lacked sufficient resourses to respond to inflation or changes in social need or social demand. (Lowe, 2005, p135) Even though the report gained popularity, it also received widespread criticisms like the pension rates are too low and stronger fear that the government will ignore the report. (Thane 1996, p235)Beveridges proposal that retirement pension should gradually be phased in over a period of 20 years was not implemented. This was because it would make arrangements for people who had not contributed to the retirement scheme previously to qualify for very much more quickly than that. Benefits were generally at lower levels than Beveridge suggested. This can be seen with the family allowances, which he said should start at 8s but the government changed it to 5s. Another weakness of his report which critics argue contradicts his main proposals is the principle of universalism and adequacy. If Beveridges main objective was to eliminate Want then why were those in need not targeted for relief? The universalism scheme essentially means that vast contributions will be collected from and benefits will be distributed to those who do not need help from the state. This would then fail effectively to help those who are genuinely in need because benefits will be too widely distributed. The principle of adequacy and universalism was to eliminate means test and not rely on national assistance benefits, but quite the opposite occurred and it was then inevitable that the cost-conscious government would reject the principle of adequacy. Many of Beveridges proposals were contradic ted when they were implemented, and it destroyed the logic of the report. As did the agreement the government came to when they said that the rate of benefit should only be one which provided a reasonable insurance against want. (Lowe, 2005, p144) This automatically meant that insurance contributions was no longer a guarantee that people will be freed from poverty and that would have to result in applying for means-tested national assistance. Rather than diminishing the use of national assistance as predicted by the report, it became increasingly significant. Beveridges proposals became significant, as the main acts of social insurance were accepted by the government, although after some alteration, they were legislated and brcame the foundation of his report. However, a report which was said to be a blueprint of post-war reform was far from revolutionary or logical. Even though some of his proposals were enacted, they were changed vastly from what Beveridge had proposed to begin with. All this did not come without recourse to other measures, which was seeking national assistance. This subsidiary benefit was supposed to wither away, but in fact the number of claimants increased. Furthermore, many of his proposals were abandoned and did not make Along with the fact that it was impractical, the high cost of social insurance emphasises the failure of Beveridges principle of the unification of administrative responsibility. Beveridge hoped that through the establishment of one responsible ministry, which were the Ministry of Social Security, both government and claimants would become the beneficiaries of a greater co-ordination, simplicity and economy, (Lowe, 2005, p141) but this was far from the case as they did not achieve this and Want was relieved by a wide range of means-tested benefits which were administered by other local governments and the NHS. (Lowe, 2005, p159) Several proposals which Beveridge made were either changed when they were implemented or they were completely abandoned. The reason for this was mainly because as mentioned previously, they were illogical, impractical and very expensive. And his proposals were contradicted when people had to rely on means-tested benefits, which was what he was against and wanted to change. In conclusion,

Capital Punishment Essay - We Need the Death Penalty :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

We Need the Death Penalty For the past several years Americans have regularly listed crime and violence as the number - one problem facing the nation, far surpassing worries over the economy or health care. Despite the many government and community initiatives launched during recent years to reduce crime, most Americans see no improvement. In a 1993 survey asking respondents if they felt crime was increasing or decreasing in their areas, only 5 % felt that it was decreasing, a full 93 % felt that crime was either increasing or staying the same. And it is not just statistics: I consider myself along with those 93 %. Because while Guiliani administration is talking about crime rates in the New York City going down, all I see and hear in the media are reports about horrible crimes committed by New Yorkers. As George Pettinico states in his article " Crime and punishment: America changes it's mind ": The media's extensive coverage of crime, especially the most brutal and horrific cases have heightened the public's fear and anger over this issue to a near frenzy. When asked in January of this year, " How often do you see reports of violent crime on television ? " 68 % replied " almost every day ". Although the media have played an important role in raising the public's awareness of lawlessness, crime in America is far from a media - created phenomenon. Government statistics support the image of a nation which has overwhelmingly lost the war against crime. For instance, in 1960 there were 161 reported violent crimes per 100,000 people By 1992, the figure had jumped to 758 per 100,000 -- a rise of over 350 %. More and more people today are starting to think that something is terribly wrong when a modern, civilized nation must confront statistics like these. The American public is demanding an end to this violence, and surveys show that they believe swift and harsh punishment is the most appropriate and effective means to these ends. The death penalty, or as it is sometimes being called " capital punishment " is the hardest punishment that could be received when a person is convicted of a capital offense. Until recently it did not exist in New York State but after new governor, George Pataki was elected he managed to bring it back. Since September 1, 1994 the death penalty law was in effect. And even though, as far as I know, there is no strong statistical evidence that the death penalty lowers the murder rate, many people were very happy

Is Google Making Us Stupid? Essay

In the article by Nicholas Carr, â€Å"Is Google Making Us Stupid?†, Carr points out numerous drawbacks to today’s technology and as well as a useful tool to our society. Of course this topic of discussion has various opinions and viewpoints on whether technology is coming our aid or hurting us more in today’s world. I believe technology is in fact hurting us in some categories, but ultimately I believe that it is ultimately helping us grow as people and improving society as a whole. Nicholas Carr’s whole argument about how the internet is hurting us and making the use of our own knowledge become less of a factor is hard to believe looking at the resources it provides to us today. Google, Wikipedia, online databases, and school libraries are all being put on the internet to serve accessible information. Colleges are even using the internet for online courses and e-mail services to communicate with students. The internet is has also brought us the ability to research and communicate across various cultures without actually having to travel to those locations to see them first hand. Social media websites, such as Facebook and Twitter, are a very good examples of a communication tool if they are used in the correct fashion. Websites like these allow for people to read about a topic or issue and discuss it with people all over the world, even the people that are being affected. Blogs, discussion boards, and pictures are shared on the web with the rest of the world to see and act upon. Carr fails to mention the use of the web in this way in his article. What Carr doesn’t realize is that the internet is an endless pit of information and is available to everyone, just not always necessarily accessed by users. We are attracted to what we are interested in and what is the most useful to us on the internet. Carr mentions that â€Å"power browsing† is making us avoid the traditional way of online reading by giving us quick wins. The use of hyperlinks allow for us to access different resources by  helping a person gain more information and understand it better. This allows for users to access information quicker, allowing them to soak up information, and making them have more knowledge on the topic making them less stupid. Carr makes the argument that â€Å"society is continuously being shaped by new technology†. I agree with this statement, but I think it is more or less society adapts to the new technology being introduced to us and what it has to offer. Our brains don’t have to change for the internet, they tend to develop with it. Being brought up with technology, it is easy to understand and utilize what it has to offer. On the other hand, older generations may have a hard time with it due to it being to different to handle well. The amount of information may be too difficult to comprehend and may become a cohesive relationship. I have always been able to find the information that I’m seeking and use it to my liking. It’s just a matter of focus and not becoming overwhelmed. Although technology and the use of the web are useful, there are always downfalls to such great things. Carr mentions that â€Å"as we become more reliant on computers to meditate our understanding of the world, it is our own intelligence that flattens into artificial intelligence†, I agree with this statement in the fact that humans rely heavily on technology to communicate and entertain us. We have so much information at our fingertips that it almost seems silly to pick up a book and actually research something when you can just type it into a search engine and get results in lightning speed. My parents and elders have told me that technology is making us anti-social and deteriorating our communication skills. The use of text messaging seems to be the one that is most at fault for this. In today’s culture, talking on the phone and in person is becoming a struggle for most people, especially teens and young adults. We are so use to typing messages back and forth to one another that we lose the simple communication skills by not physically talking to them. There is a lot of things that a text message can’t convey to people like talking can such as emotion and clarity. In conclusion, it’s all about not becoming too overwhelmed, use resources  and the internet responsibly, and use them to our advantage. Carr misses the point in that our abilities for deep thinking are not ruined by the internet but expressed and improved. To learn about a certain subject, you don’t have to enroll into a college course. You don’t need a plane ticket to learn about different cultures. This is information at your fingertips with the use of the internet and it’s your responsibility and prerogative to use it wisely and to your advantage.

atoms and elements essays

atoms and elements essays All matter, both living and nonliving, is composed of basic structures called elements. There are only 92 naturally occurring elements. Elements are what they are because they cannot be broken down to substances with different properties. Elements contain tiny particles called atoms. There is only one type of atom in each type of element. The three most stable parts of an atom are the proton, neutron and electrons. Protons and neutrons are located with the nucleus of an atom. Electrons move around the atom. Most of an atom is empty space. Protons and electrons carry an electrical charge; protons have a positive electrical charge and neutrons have a negative electrical charge. When an atom is electrically neutral, the number of protons equals the number of electrons. The entire atom is held together by the electrical force between the positive nucleus and the negative electrons. The periodic table is a convenient listing of the 92 naturally occurring elements. The elements atomic symbol, weight and number are included on this chart. One or two letters of each element is used to create its atomic symbol. An elements atomic number is the number of protons in each atom of the element. The atomic weight of an element is the weight of each individual atoms protons and neutrons. Atoms are listed according to increasing atomic number on the periodic table of elements. The rows are arranged according to the number of electrons in the outer shell. Electrons orbit the nucleus of the atom at fixed distances, forming electron shells that correspond to different energy levels. The electron shell closest to the atomic nucleus is the smallest and can hold only 2 electrons. The second shell can hold up to eight electrons. The electrons in an atom usually fill the shell closest to the nucleus first and then begin to go into the next one. ...

Free Essays on Modest Proposal Analysis

Modest Proposal Analysis The "butt" of this anything but modest proposal are the three countries that have helped Ireland become the country it is today, Northern Ireland, England, and America. In "A Modest Proposal", Swift vents his mounting aggravation at the ineptude of Ireland's politicians, the hypocrisy of the wealthy, the tyranny of the English, and the squalor and degredation in which so many Irish people are living in. Ireland slowly sank into degradation and squalor when "those who walk through this great town, or travel in the country when they see the streets, the roads, and cabin doors crowded with beggars of the female sex, followed by three, four, or six children, all in rags and importuning every passenger for an alms" (Swift 801). As Northern Ireland chose to remain under the control of British rule, its economical and financial stability slowly disintegrated, while Southern Ireland, with change of government, slowly prospered. Swift seems to express his utter disgust at the Irish people's s eeming inability to mobilize on their on behalf when he says, ".......................................". Swift critiques the incompetence of Ireland in dealing with their own problems. Swift's Ireland was a country that had been effectively controlled by England for nearly 500 years. England is known for their colonizations and their imperialistic dominance over small countries becoming the reason for oppressed and conformed people. In the case of Ireland, the British destroyed the Irish culture, conforming them to the British way. With the heavy taxing that England forced on Ireland, the country slowly drifted to poverty. America is also the "butt" of this proposal for their lack of intervention and funds that could have helped Ireland be prosperous and independent. Swift's comparison of the Irish people to animals assists the overall satire because it shows how the Irish people are acting like animals. He describes a newborn ... Free Essays on Modest Proposal Analysis Free Essays on Modest Proposal Analysis Modest Proposal Analysis The "butt" of this anything but modest proposal are the three countries that have helped Ireland become the country it is today, Northern Ireland, England, and America. In "A Modest Proposal", Swift vents his mounting aggravation at the ineptude of Ireland's politicians, the hypocrisy of the wealthy, the tyranny of the English, and the squalor and degredation in which so many Irish people are living in. Ireland slowly sank into degradation and squalor when "those who walk through this great town, or travel in the country when they see the streets, the roads, and cabin doors crowded with beggars of the female sex, followed by three, four, or six children, all in rags and importuning every passenger for an alms" (Swift 801). As Northern Ireland chose to remain under the control of British rule, its economical and financial stability slowly disintegrated, while Southern Ireland, with change of government, slowly prospered. Swift seems to express his utter disgust at the Irish people's s eeming inability to mobilize on their on behalf when he says, ".......................................". Swift critiques the incompetence of Ireland in dealing with their own problems. Swift's Ireland was a country that had been effectively controlled by England for nearly 500 years. England is known for their colonizations and their imperialistic dominance over small countries becoming the reason for oppressed and conformed people. In the case of Ireland, the British destroyed the Irish culture, conforming them to the British way. With the heavy taxing that England forced on Ireland, the country slowly drifted to poverty. America is also the "butt" of this proposal for their lack of intervention and funds that could have helped Ireland be prosperous and independent. Swift's comparison of the Irish people to animals assists the overall satire because it shows how the Irish people are acting like animals. He describes a newborn ...

Write about ocean resource economic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Write about ocean resource economic - Essay Example There are many types of fish found in the ocean thus making the ocean a source of food to a huge number of people. Fishing industry has extensively grown due to a lot of competition. However, individuals engage in fishing as a way of getting their food and others do fishing as a source of their revenue. For those people who engage in fishing for food are just do it for consumption purposes. However, for those people who engage in fishing activities for commercial purposes are industrial fisheries. Therefore in connection with the problem of unemployment is partially solved through the act of fishing. There are both skilled and unskilled persons employed in the fish industries that arise from the existence of the oceans. Therefore, fishing is a factor that leads to decrease in unemployment levels ((Acheson 1975). As a means of transport, oceans are a medium of transport by the use of boats and ships. This marine industry is a source of employment to a big number of people. Some people are self-employed while others get work in the harbors and others in the ships. Therefore, marine transport helps in reducing the levels of unemployment since quit e a big number of people get employed in the marine transport related sectors. Also, for the business persons involved in the business, they increase the level of tax income in a country and this revenue if used in carrying out a profitable project, and then other people get employed. Hence, marine transportation reduces unemployment both directly and indirectly. The ocean is a site for recreational activities for people during their leisure time. It has led to the coming up of the tourism industry. Many hotels have come up along the beaches of the oceans. Many people love having fun in different countries that have beautiful sites along the beach and a favorable weather condition. This is a source of employment for many persons either directly

Assignment 2 for CLS325 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Assignment 2 for CLS325 - Coursework Example Essentially rooted in the attempt to achieve a more accurate definition, arguments have been pushed forward regarding the differences between popular culture and mass culture. Despite all these conflicting theories and subsequent debates, most of these theorists, with the exception of those who uphold post-modernist views, accept the fact that the cultural condition of an individual is reflective of social status. Culture cannot be detached from other material conditions that surround individuals and peoples. This is proven by the emergence of different and contradictory viewpoints on the definition of culture. Those who adhered to the concept that culture can only be attributed to the arts, customs, and refined manners of the elite in society are those who themselves belong to such a class. On the other hand, those who believe that culture is not exclusive for the rich are those who represent or who belong to the lower strata of society. According to Graeme Turner, â€Å"ideology n ot only produces our culture, it also produces our consciousness of our selves.† (British Cultural Studies 20) Ideology may be the most important factor for the development of culture. However, ideology or mindset is the sum or the combined product of all the material conditions that surround an individual. These material conditions greatly vary depending on the social status. In this regard, it is very likely that differences in opinions regarding culture would emerge. When elements or concrete forms of what is now known as popular culture began to emerge, the definition of high culture also became more pronounced. Such definition was apparently made in an effort to distinguish the culture promoted by the elite in society from the one embraced by those who belong to the lower classes. High culture is the label often used in referring to the works of classical literature, music, and other art forms. In fact, the theorists who uphold to this perspective call this as the ‘ real’ culture while naming that of the lower classes as popular culture. Such differentiation points out that â€Å"popular culture is a commercial culture, mass-produced for mass consumption† and that it is â€Å"supposedly consumed with brain-numbed and brain-numbing passivity.† (Storey 264) It may be true that this so-called popular culture has its weaknesses in terms of quality, as can be observed from its various material forms when compared with those of what the elite consider as ‘real’ culture. This perspective, however, definitely serves only the interest of the elite in society. It is clear that culture is the embodiment of the interests and aspirations those who defend and promote it. Therefore, by criticizing so-called popular culture, the elite may just be fortifying their stature in society. People belonging to the lower classes, on the other hand, may just also be asserting their own identity and relevance in society while they contin ue to embrace popular culture and promoting it among their ranks. However, notwithstanding the arguments presented in favor of its existence and the challenge that it poses to high culture, popular culture is also the subject of debates among those who accept its relevance. There are theorists who believe that popular culture does not really represent

Practical and Written Assessment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Practical and Written Assessment - Assignment Example As far as the profitability of the company was concerned, it has been quite impressive in past decade in the automotive industry, as the growth and profit margin of the company in Figure 1 reveals. Figure 1: Growth of Profit and Margin of Porsche Source: (Moffett, 2005) The strategy that Porsche followed for both Cayenne and Boxster was a combination of outsourcing, licensing and in sourcing to influence the investment of the shareholder. Due to this strategy of the company, they enjoyed high return on the invested capital (ROIC), as the increasing sales of the product line shows in Figure 2. Figure 2: Augmenting Sales of Various Product lines of Porsche Source: (Moffett, 2005) During the fall and summer of 2005, two significant announcements were made by Porsche, which changed the directions. The first announcement was that Panamera would be manufactured by the company through company’s own funds and in their own factories. The second decision was that Porsche invested around 3 billion in Volkswagen AG at an interest rate of 20 percent, which was an underperforming automaker of Germany then (Eiteman, Stonehill and Moffett, 2010). In this section of the study, the focus of discussion would be on the strategic decisions that the company has made which augmented its ROIC. ROIC signifies the efficiency of the company in allocating the capital, such that it can get profitable returns on investments. The return assures how well the company is utilising its funds for generating returns. The ROIC can be calculated by subtracting dividends from net income and dividing it by the total capital. All the product line of Porsche, especially Cayenne had a high operating margin as can be seen in Figure 2, in comparison to any other European automobile company. As it has been discussed that Porsche incorporated pioneering strategies and business decisions embedded with technology and capital for Cayenne and Boxster, which was evident from the sales figures. Porsche Boxs ter was manufactured in Finland by Valmet. So the company skilfully utilised other’s money to manufacture and sell its products. It was working through licensed manufacturing agreement trough which Valmet utilised its own tools and factories for manufacturing Boxster. This decreased the capital requirements of Porsche, which the company utilised to support its own business (Moffett, 2005) Porsche invested around $3 billion in Volkswagen AG, which was though the worst performing company in the industry, but prospects of the company to excel in future were immense, which is why Porsche entered into a strategic alliance with Volkswagen. Due to this reason, it was responsible for approximately 30 percent of automotive manufacturing of Porsche and also assembling. Porsche co-manufactured Cayenne with Volkswagen. The chassis of Cayenne was assembled by Volkswagen on the same assembly line of Volkswagen Touareg. This again reduced the capital requirement of Porsche and allowed the c ompany to focus its capital towards the development of the company. The above strategic decision of the company resulted in the augmenting ROIC of Porsche (Eiteman, Stonehill and Moffett, 2010). Answer 2 The section question of this case is regarding Veselina Dinova’s point of view regarding the attitude of the company towards creating value towards shareholders. Vesi was in dilemma whether Porsche’

What Is the defining business Essay Example for Free

What Is the defining business Essay What is the defining business and economic characteristics of the video game console industry? ? Intensity of competition: the competition in the video game industry is dramatically fierce. There are three largest companies in this industry, which are Nintendo, Sony and Microsoft. Additionally, lots of companies have relatively high level of strength, for example:high technology and meet the social trend, which are able to compete in the market place. ? Market size; the target market for the products cover all over the world ,however,the cumulate sales in Europe, Japan and the U. S are higher compare to other regions. ?Influenced by global recession: video game is not the necessary product, hence,the global economic recession have influenced the sale of video game products. The revenue declines 6% in 2010 compare to 2009, and also continued decreasing in 2011. ?Growth rapidly:the video game industry have been growingrapidly, and also expected to continue growing in the future. What is the industry like? The companies in video game industry refer to provide high technological and innovative products. It includes online game, mobile game, video game console and handheld game. In addition, in order to attract exist and potential consumers and build customer loyalty, these companies multiply their efforts to enhancethe technology of the products. What’s more, video game business sectorupdate very fast, the new generation replaced the old one in short period. Meanwhile, the companies launched latest production rapidly. However, an obviously issue is that the target market is limited, young men are the majority part. What 3-5 key factors determine the success of video game console developers like Nintendo (2009-2012)? 1. Unique concept of video game console: In the original period, the video game companies tend to pay more attention to improving technology, which lead to less market share and high competition, however, after a strategic research, Nintendo intend to create product differentiation advantage over rivals, it avoid pursuing high-tech blindly, focusing on developing unique function of product, such as to allowed consumers to participate in the games by themselves. That characteristic can easily catch consumers’ attention. Having a unique and propriety concept is essential in video game console industry. 2. New market segment: The video game market is almost saturated;hence, these game companies have to seek new target market to survive. In traditional video game console target market, men occupied the majority portion. In order to gain more profit, companies should take effort to attract more women, elderly and so on. In terms of extending market share, companies can’t rely on a small proportion of population. Nintendo designed â€Å"Wii† not only just for men but also for the whole family, the game is very suitable for everyone 3. Technology capability: High technology capability is a vital factor for game companies to be a leader in video game console industry; it can provide more technical advantage over rivals. 4. Various range of products: In today’s world, people have relatively high demand of products, in order to satisfy the needs, it is necessary to produce diverse product to grab more market share. 5. Low cost Undeniably, reducing cost is an effective way to make profit gain, low cost lead to low price, and low price are more acceptable by consumers. Reference: Morris, C. (2011), Video Game Sales Drop 6% in 2010, Second Year of Declines, [Online] Available from: http://www. cnbc. com/id/41062675/Video_Game_Sales_Drop_6_in_2010_Second_Year_of_Declines.

Effects of Technology on Behavior

Effects of Technology on Behavior Technology: Changing Our Behavior and Relationships for the Better or Worse? Most of us are familiar with this scenario: A group of friends out on a lunch outing, each with their cell phones or laptops out, busily texting, catching up on the latest news, and surfing the internet instead of conversing with the people in front of them. Today, we are living in the era of digital technology where it is difficult to not be encompassed by the realm of digital world. More than two billion people use the Internet, and about five billion people are cell phone users. Technology is growing at an increasingly fast pace. It seems like everywhere we go, we are constantly surrounded by the presence of technology. In compliance with the increasingly advanced technology, our lifestyles are adjusting to keep up with it. In the increasingly technological society with new gadgets in the market, acquiring technological devices seems like the only way to fit in with the crowd. However, have you ever thought about the effects that heavy technology usage might have on your behavior and personal relationships? Overusing technology, such as cell phones and the internet, can cause us to neglect the people around us, and, ultimately, cause our behaviors and relationships to change detrimentally. It is of no doubt that technology is pervasive throughout our lives. A 2014 study done by Nielson reveals that the average American is digitally connected for approximately 11 hours every day (in-text citation). Social networking sites, email, online games, are among the most  popular interests of the digital world. Although young adults are the dominant group of internet  users, a study done by the Pew Research Center reveals, â€Å"Over the past year, the biggest growth in usage was among older users. Nearly half of Americans ages 50-64-and a quarter of those 65  and older-now use SNSs† (Clemmitt 5). For years, the heated topic of debate centers upon whether technology changes our lives for the better or worse. With the rise of smartphone users in the recent years, many have complained about being neglected by their family and friends, who are constantly engaged by social media networks, text messaging, and taking pictures of themselves. There is discussion on how the rise of social media sites invades our privacy and create a thin line between our private and public lives. As of this year, Facebook membership skyrocketed to over 1.35 billion users. Mark Zuckenberg, the creator of Facebook, argues â€Å"People have gotten really comfortable not only sharing more information and different kinds, but more openly and with more people† (Clemmitt 3). Along with the rise of Facebook and other social networking sites, the number of people sharing more personal information about themselves, and the time they spend on these sites has escalated. A Facebook account can surely reveal a spouse’s infidelity, a suicidal teenager’s thoughts, and much more than we are aware of. The internet is tool that we use to communicate with family and friends, as well as to  publish information on mediums to a large audience. A study done by Nielson, a leading  global information company whose primary objective is to seek understanding of consumer behavior, reveals that Americans spend approximately 23% of their online time on social media networks (Kessler 1). This number is on the rise every year, as more people are becoming exposed to the digital world. For many of us, it is extremely difficult to ignore the impulse to check our cell phones for a new update or an incoming text message. Some experts worry that soon social media will dominate face-to-face interaction, resulting in increased narcissism, decreased relationship quality, and lead to serious issues like cyberbullying. Many analysts argue that technology pushes our society to become increasingly impersonal and causes people to spend less time having face-to-face interaction. Thanks to technology, our society is relying more and more on text messaging, video chatting, and social media sites as means of communication. A survey conducted to find the preferred modes of communication discovered that people born between 1990 to 1999 prefer texting and social networking above all other forms of communication. For this generation, face-to-face interaction is the least preferred form of communication. In contrast, all of the generational groups born between 1940 and 1989 chose face-to-face interaction as their most preferred form of communication, and none of these groups listed social networking as a mode of communication. (Clemmitt 2). Today, many people forgo face-to-face conversation in favor of digital communication because it encourages more brevity and openness. Katie E. Davis, a professor at the Uni versity of Washington, asserts, â€Å"It feels much safer to broach uncomfortable subjects when you don’t have to look someone in the eye† (Clemmitt 5). In other words, digital  communication allows us to delge into topics that we are normally uncomfortable conversing. However, there are several issues that arise when technology is used as the primary mode of communication. First and foremost, technology doesn’t always enable people to express their thoughts and emotions without being misunderstood. When people communicate by text messaging or through social media sites, several nonverbal communication cues, such as body language, tone of voice, and body gestures are unavailable. As a result, it is easy to misinterpret an unintended message. Furthermore, it is often difficult to interpret face-to-face conversations that do take place without an adequate understanding of these cues. Some people argue that technology is a valuable asset to people who have trouble having face-to-face interaction with others, such as those that suffer from autism or psychological  disorders. They maintain that these people find solace in the digital world, as well as a place  where they can socialize without being ostracized. However, I beg to differ. Social media  sites create the illusion of companionship, and does nothing to help these people develop proper social skills. Many of these people suffer from depression and loneliness in the first place, and by solely interacting with others online rather than in real life, these problems will worsen and they will be further detached from society. Another crucial aspect of technology is that it affects our attention span, thus causing us to become ignorant of our priorities. Several studies and researchers point out that students have difficulty focusing in class and adults have trouble concentrating at work when their cell phones are nearby. Michael Suman, a professor at the University of Southern California, asserts that even with their phones off, students are unable to fully concentrate on their education because they are under the influence of technology. Technology is one of the leading influences in our relationships with our families and friends. By delging into our personal lives, technology changes how we interact with our loved ones. Although the digital world can be an asset in many aspects, it can also destroy relationships and trust. Steve Tucker, a relationship counselor, claims that many of his clients have come to him after they discover a racy text message, exposing their partner’s infidelity. Some of these affairs begin in online chatrooms, which proceed to flirtatious text messages. He insists â€Å"People have actually jumped out of a marriage and filed for divorce and never met the person who’s the new object of their romantic interest† (Newsome 3). Although most of these affairs are not even sexual, they ruin the arguably most important aspect of a relationship, trust. In addition to infidelity, online games and pornography are equally distracting and detrimental to establishing healthy relationships. Alot of people are so enamored with online video games that they spend hours in front of their computer screen, forsaking their jobs, education, and relationships. However, it is critical to note that technology has also opened the doors to happiness for many couples, who have found love online. Although this is true, there are several possible issues that arise, such as the possibility of identity fraud when finding a romantic partner online. Furthermore, in some incidences, a suicidal individual’s life is saved when someone reports their provoking thoughts and messages. Yet, it is often difficult to tell whether the person is authentic, or just trying to seek attention. Furthermore, technology also impairs relationships with its distractions and interferences. Technology has made it difficult for us to ignore the impulse to check for updates. A study completed in 2011 discovered, â€Å"Smartphone users are developing checking habits-recurring 30-second glances at social media such as Facebook- as often as every 10 minutes† (Clemmitt 5). Consequently, it makes us oblivious of others around us. Clifford Nass, a professor at Stanford University, states, â€Å"Today, people think it’s okay to text in the middle of dinner, at a meeting, in class, wherever† (Greengard 18). As a result of the society that is becoming more interdependent on technology, it is now not unusual to see a father more intent on texting at his son’s football game, rather than on watching his son play. Accordingly, family members spend less quality time with each other when they succumb to the addiction of heavy technology usage. For instance, in a technology dominated household, the father might spend all his time watching television, the mother could spend hours shopping for the latest fashion trends, and the children may perhaps endlessly play online video games. Although some people claim that technology connects family and friends across the globe,  many studies have pointed that even if our loved ones are around us, we turn a blind eye and retreat to our technological devices. Moreover, technology gives us the delusion of  Technology gives us the illusion of intimacy.   â€Å"Constant connectively offers the illusion of companionship without the demands of friendship.† Two educators at the University of Essex, Andrew K. Przybylski and Netta Weinstein, conducted an experiment that demonstrated cell phones do indeed affect relationship quality. The study divided the experimenters into two groups, one with their cell phones with them, and the other without. The participants were told to have a conversation. At the end of the experiment, the group with their cell phones nearby reported that they experienced a conversation with less empathy. which demonstrated that cell phones detrimentally affect relationship quality. Paragraph: Cyberbullying Cyberbullying is one of the few fundamental issues that arise from heavy technology usage. By definition, cyberbullying is the use of technology to threaten, defame, or harm someone. Every year, thousands of lives are claimed due to cyberbullying. According to a national study conducted by Jaana Juvonen, a psychology professor at the University of California at Los Angeles, â€Å"More than 70 percent of heavy Internet users ages 12 through 17 — mostly girls — said they had experienced at least one incident of online intimidation via e-mail, cell phones, chat rooms and other electronic media in the previous year† (Billitteri 2). Although  many cases are moderately harmless, some cases leave long-term effects. A study done by Justin W. Patchin, a professor at the University of Wisconsin, reports â€Å"Between 10 and 30 percent of children and teenagers report having been on one side or the other of an online bullying incident at some point† (Clemmitt 5). Works Cited Clemmitt, Marcia. Social Media Explosion.CQ Researcher. N.p. 25 Jan. 2013. Web. 25 Sept. 2014. http://mashable.com/2011/09/12/23-percent-online/

Dukes of Burgundy :: Essays Papers

Dukes of Burgundy By successive diplomatic marriages, by victories and annexations, the Dukes of Burgundy, since the time of Jean the Fearless, had constituted a vast zone of power, which rivaled that of the kingdom of France. The zone consisted of different regions and people enclosing the kingdom of France, from North Lyon to south of Amiens forming a semi-circular realm reaching as far as the north of the Netherlands. This was the longest reign in the history of France. Some the most notable of the dukes were Charles the Bold and his father, Philip the Good. Philip the Good enlarged his territory almost double its previous size. His lands included the duchy of Burgundy, Flanders, Artois, Babant, Luxembourg, Holland, Zeeland, Friesland, and Hainaut. Philip formed an allegiance with England, supporting the efforts of Henry V to secure the French crown until his subjects urged him to make peace with Charles VII of France. Philip founded the Order of the Golden Fleece in 1430. The Dukes of Burgundy placed at the order's disposal the resources of their enormous wealth. The order was formed to serve as a symbol of their power and be used to tie together the domains of the Burgundian State. The splendor of Burgundy during Philip's reign from 1396-1467 was unmatched in Europe. Charles the Bold reigned over Burgundy from 1467-77. He was the last heir of the dukes of Burgundy. His only child, Mary, became valuable as Europe's most marriageable heiress. Charles' surname (le Temeraine) really means "the Rash" and perhaps explains why he was a great antagonist of Louis XI. Although his Burgundian court surpassed that of monarchs of his time, he was lacking in the political realism of previous dukes. He was defeated and killed at the Battle of Nancy in 1477. The administration of the vast domain was put into the hands of Nicolas Rolin at the beginning of the fifteenth century. In the 81 years of his life Nicolas Rolin spent almost sixty years in service of the Duke of Burgundy. He was an excellent administrator and wise politician. He found how to retrieve the Duchy of Burgundy from an English Alliance. He was also one of the founders of the treaty of Arras, which reconciled France and Burgundy, putting an end to the Hundred Years War.

Colonial period from 1607 to 1750 Essay

During the colonial period from 1607 to 1750 an â€Å"American† way of life emerged, differing from Old World European culture. This new lifestyle developed from the interaction of five major groups, including the; Native Americans, Chesapeake colonies, New England colonies, Indentured servants, and African slaves. Each of these peoples contributed ideas, principals, practices, and beliefs to the melting pot that would later become the United States of America. Native Americans had a significant impact on Europeans as early as America’s discovery in 1492 (Kennedy, Cohen, and Bailey 14), during which time, the Columbian Exchange occurred. This initial exchange had a larger influence on Native American life than European, as the Old World explorers introduced diseases to which the Indians had no natural immunity (Yazawa, Melvin 46). According to Kennedy, Cohen, and Bailey (15), in the Centuries after Columbus’ landfall, as many as 90 percent of the Native Americans perished. When Europeans returned to America in the 1600’s to develop permanent settlements, Native Americans reintroduced to them planting techniques and crops, such as corn and tobacco, that would revolutionize the early colonies economies and diet allowing them to grow and flourish and making them an important aspect of â€Å"American† culture (Kennedy, Cohen, and Bailey 15). Additionally, Native Americans shared in the celebration of the first Thanksgiving with the Plymouth pilgrims (Kennedy, Cohen, and Bailey 52), a holiday still important and beloved today. Later interactions between the Native Americans and Colonists were mainly hostile, as a result of the European’s insatiable land-lust, evident in such conflicts as the Pequot War (Kennedy, Cohen, and Bailey 52). The aid Native Americans provided to early settlers allowing them to sustain themselves would result in the downfall and destruction of numerous Indian tribes, who had already dwindling populations as a result of European diseases (Kennedy, Cohen, and Bailey 31). However, conflict forced Native Americans to band together, displaying a way in which Europeans shaped Indian history in America as well (Kennedy, Cohen, and Bailey 32). The Chesapeake colonies were another group that largely influenced the development of the â€Å"American† culture. Virginia was the first colony; founded in 1607 by a joint-stock company hoping to find gold and a passage through America to the Indies (Kennedy, Cohen, and Bailey 28). This company, named the Virginia Company of London, received a charter from the King for a settlement in the new world (Kennedy, Cohen, and Bailey 28). This charter was important to the formation of an â€Å"American† pride. The document guaranteed the New World settlers would be guaranteed the same rights of Englishmen at home. However, this document later fueled the colonists desire for independence from their intrusive and controlling mother country (Kennedy, Cohen, and Bailey 29). The introduction of tobacco to early settlers played a large role in the growth of the Chesapeake colonies, especially Virginia. In fact, tobacco growth was so important to colonists they threatened themselves with starvation by choosing to plant the cash crop over food crops (Wheeler and Becker 29). Without tobacco’s economic contribution to the survival of Virginia, contributions made by the colony might not have been made. Virginia’s House of Burgesses was the first representative legislative assembly in British North America (Kennedy, Cohen, and Bailey 33). This was the first of many parliaments to emerge in America, justifying the efforts of the Colonists to eventually breakaway from British rule, as they believed themselves fit to oversee their own nation. The other Chesapeake colonies also contributed to the formation of a uniquely â€Å"American† way of life. Maryland, founded in 1634 (Kennedy, Cohen, and Bailey 33), was haven to Roman Catholics seeking refugee in the new world. Without a place for this minority religion to survive, it might not have been sheltered in the new world. The Carolinas were composed of large expanses of open land, resulting in a large plantation agriculture system in the south (Kennedy, Cohen, and Bailey 38) that resulted in the use of indentured servitude and slavery throughout southern America. However, the colony founded last in 1733, Georgia (Kennedy, Cohen, and Bailey 38), slowed the immediate development of slavery in the Chesapeake colonies. As Kennedy, Cohen, and Bailey stated, Georgia was a religiously tolerant settlement, which was slavery free until 1750. The New England colonies were formed largely so those settling in the colonies could be free of religious persecution, especially in Massachusetts Bay (Wheeler and Becker 30). According to Kennedy, Cohen, and Bailey, The Mass. Bay colony was formed in 1628 (37), although the puritans who merged into the Massachusetts Bay colony from Plymouth arrived in 1620 (37). The Pilgrims who arrived in Plymouth influenced â€Å"American† ideals of freedom from oppression, through the Mayflower Compact. This document became quintessential to the creation of later constitutions. It was an agreement to form a crude government and submit to the will of the majority ( Kennedy, Cohen, and Bailey). The Massachusetts Bay colony contributed early concepts of a liberal government to America. Local affairs and issues were eligible for discussion by a large percentage of adult men, and voting was completed by majority rules (Kennedy, Cohen, and Bailey 47). However, religious leaders held significant power in the lives of the settlers, influencing the beliefs of those residing in the Massachusetts Bay colony. As a result, those threatening Puritan views such as Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams, were banished (Kennedy, Cohen, and Bailey 48). This was actually advantageous for the development of a diverse American culture, as those forced outside of Massachusetts Bay moved to more accepting colonies, such as Rhode Island. Rhode Island was a region of varying religious beliefs and ways of life as there was a lack of religious oath or taxation present in so many of the other colonies (Kennedy, Cohen, and Bailey). The Dutch contributed names and settlers to the renamed New York colony after it was surrendered to the Duke of York in 1664 (Kennedy, Cohen, and Bailey). Pennsylvania, founded in 1681 according to Kennedy, Cohen, and Bailey (60), was home to the passive Quakers. Pennsylvania influenced American ethnicity, as the colony attracted people of various backgrounds (Kennedy, Cohen, and Bailey 61). Indentured servants played a large role in the growth of an American lifestyle. Prior to the popularity of slavery in the South, colonies such as Virginia and Maryland utilized indentured servants to tend large plantations (Kennedy, Cohen, and Bailey 33). Indentured servants supported the cash crops that helped the early colonies thrive financially, without which finances, the colonies might not have survived (Kennedy, Cohen, and Bailey 67). Once indentured servants had completed their terms, they became freemen, but remained much in the same position as before. They were penniless and searching for land and a job. These freemen also contributed to a rebellious and headstrong American people, willing to fight for what they believed in. During Bacon’s Rebellion in 1676, a group of young freemen led by Nathaniel Bacon attacked Indians near jamestown in retaliation of Indian attacks on frontier settlements (Kennedy, Cohen, and Bailey 68). African slaves during the colonial period influenced the development of the American way of life. Due to economic change in colonies in the 1680’s (Kennedy, Cohen, and Bailey 70), it was financially possible for plantation owners in the south to purchase African slaves as opposed to using indentured servants. Additionally, by 1662, distinctions between a white indentured servant and african slave were made in Virginia (Kennedy, Cohen, and Bailey 72), which made blacks and their children the property of their white masters for life. African slavery in America made it possible for southern plantations to truly develop, at the cost of a people’s rights. African slaves were subject to a plethora of harsh conditions, including harsh hours and intensive labor in the blistering heat (Kennedy, Cohen, and Bailey 72). This resulted in a large part of American economic success being reliant on the exploitation of a group of people. The American way of life developed as a result of the interaction of numerous groups including the Native Americans, the Chesapeake colonies, the New England colonies, the Indenture servants, and the African slaves. Native Americans contributed staple crops which would support the early settlers and modify the American diet permanantly. Chesapeake colonists, although originally settling the America’s in order to attain wealth, found a permanent home that they would later fight to rule. The New England colonists wrote up the Mayflower compact, a primitive agreement which would inspire later constitutions. The indentured white servants led to the eventual treatment of people solely as property in the case of African American slaves after indentured servitude ended. Slavery would prove to be a social barrier and issue for numerous years to come, as africans struggled to acquire the same rights as granted to white citizens.